Our lungs help us breathe. Damaged lungs can lead to either acute lung problems or chronic lung disease. Chronic lung disease can be caused by inflammation and scarring around the tiny air sacs (alveoli) that exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide in the lungs.

There are many forms of chronic lung disease, including chronic lung disease of prematurity, cystic fibrosis, pulmonary fibrosis, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, known as COPD.

Although many types of chronic lung disease do not have a recognized etiology, it can be worsened by exposure to certain chemicals or fumes, including cigarette smoke.

Some medications and treatments can cause chronic lung disease, as can radiation therapy, certain lung infections, and connective tissue diseases, including systemic lupus or rheumatoid arthritis. If lung scarring has occurred, it may be irreversible. Medications and other specific therapies may slow the progression of the disease.